Acne scarring begins when inflammation from a cystic or nodular breakout reaches deep into the dermis and damages the local collagen network. The body responds by remodeling the area, but the replacement collagen is rarely as organized as the original tissue. The result is a depression, a raised bump, or a pitted edge that remains long after the breakout has resolved.
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, atrophic scars form when too little collagen is produced during healing, while hypertrophic scars form when too much is produced. The deeper and more inflamed the original lesion, the higher the likelihood of permanent textural change.
Picking, squeezing, and prolonged untreated cystic acne all increase the depth of injury and the probability of scarring. By the time scars are visible, topical creams cannot reach the dermis where the damage sits, which is why in-office treatments like microneedling are the standard of care for atrophic scarring.
